Antibiotic resistance: Superbugs can be killed by modifying existing drugs, scientists discover


By www.independent.co.uk

One type of antibiotic is found to kill bacteria by ripping it open by brute force, a previously unknown method that could help make a whole new generation of drugs.
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In the evolutionary arms-race between deadly bacteria and the antibiotics used by doctors to kill them, the bugs have very definitely been gaining the upper hand in recent years.

But, amid growing reports of bacteria resistant to even the ‘last resort’ antibiotics, comes the news that scientists have found a new way that some existing drugs can still be effective.

Normally antibiotics must bind to a bacteria cell in order to kill it, like putting a key in a locked door.

But the researchers found that one drug exerted such a strong physical force on the bacteria that it “tore the door off its hinges”.

The hunt is now on for other antibiotics with similar properties to create a “new generation” of drugs capable of defeating even the most resistant superbugs.

Last year, growing concern about antibiotic resistance prompted then Prime Minister David Cameron to warn of "catastrophic consequences" if the problem was not dealt with across the world. The UK was instrumental in organising a meeting at the United Nations to discuss the issue.

One of the researchers, Dr Joseph Ndieyira, of University College London, said: “Antibiotics work in different ways, but they all need to bind to bacterial cells in order to kill them.

“Antibiotics have ‘keys’ that fit ‘locks’ on bacterial cell surfaces, allowing them to latch on.

“When a bacterium becomes resistant to a drug, it effectively changes the locks so the key won’t fit any more.

“Incredibly, we found that certain antibiotics can still ‘force’ the lock, allowing them to bind to and kill resistant bacteria because they are able to push hard enough.

“In fact, some of them were so strong they tore the door off its hinges, killing the bacteria instantly.”

The study tested a powerful antibiotic called vancomycin, used as a last-resort treatment for infections like MRSA, and another called oritavancin, used to treat skin infections.

“We found that oritavancin pressed into resistant bacteria with a force 11,000 times stronger than vancomycin,” says Dr Ndieyira.

“Even though it has the same ‘key’ as vancomycin, oritavancin was still highly effective at killing resistant bacteria.

“Until now it wasn’t clear how oritavancin killed bacteria, but our study suggests that the forces it generates can actually tear holes in the bacteria and rip them apart.”

This way of killing bacteria has not been seen before.

“Oritavancin molecules are good at sticking together to form clusters, which fundamentally changes how they kill bacteria,” Dr Ndieyira said.

“When two clusters dig into a bacterial surface they push apart from each other, tearing the surface and killing the bacteria.

“Remarkably, we found that conditions at the bacterial surface actually encourage clustering which makes antibiotics even more effective.”

The researchers have now developed a mathematical model that could be used to screen for new antibiotics that have the same “brute force” approach.

“Our findings will help us not only to design new antibiotics but also to modify existing ones to overcome resistance,” Dr Ndieyira said.

“Oritavancin is just a modified version of vancomycin, and now we know how these modifications work we can do similar things with other antibiotics.

“This will help us to create a new generation of antibiotics to tackle multi-drug resistant bacterial infections, now recognized as one of the greatest global threats in modern healthcare.”

The growth of antibiotic resistance has been driven partly by over-prescription of the drugs for conditions like the common cold, which is a virus, not a bacterium, and is therefore unaffected.

Antibiotics have also been used in agriculture to boost the growth of livestock.

Source: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/superbugs-kill-cured-existing-drugs-antibiotic-resistance-new-way-scientists-ucl-a7561686.html


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Friday, May 15, 2026

Generic Crestor Rosuvastatin: Regulatory Standards and Why Generic Versions Deliver Reliable Results

Generic rosuvastatin became available when patent protections on brand-name Crestor expired, opening the market to multiple manufacturers producing the same active ingredient at substantially lower prices. Many patients wonder whether generic statin medications work as effectively as the brand version they have come to associate with results. The regulatory framework governing generic approval provides clear answers to these questions. The FDA requires any generic medication to demonstrate bioequivalence to its brand-name reference product before receiving market approval. Bioequivalence testing shows that the generic produces the same active drug concentration in the bloodstream as the brand version within an accepted statistical range. For rosuvastatin, this means the same amount of active drug reaches the same target tissues at the same rate, producing equivalent cholesterol lowering effect. Generic manufacturers must also demonstrate that their products meet identical quality, purity, and potency standards as the reference brand. Manufacturing facilities are subject to FDA inspection and must comply with current Good Manufacturing Practice regulations. These standards apply equally to domestic manufacturers and international facilities producing generics for the US market. Fillers and binding agents used in tablets differ between manufacturers and between brand and generic versions, but these inactive ingredients do not affect how the active compound rosuvastatin is absorbed or how it works. Inactive ingredient differences rarely cause clinical differences in outcomes, though a small number of patients with specific sensitivities may notice tolerability differences between manufacturers. Pharmacy dispensing systems can source generic rosuvastatin from multiple manufacturers over time as supply contracts and pricing shift. Some patients on stable therapy who receive tablets from a different manufacturer wonder whether this explains any perceived differences in their response. Cholesterol response to rosuvastatin is primarily driven by dose, diet, and individual patient factors, not minor manufacturing differences within bioequivalent products. Switching from brand Crestor to generic rosuvastatin is medically equivalent. Many insurance plans automatically substitute generics at the pharmacy unless a brand-specific prescription is written and the patient requests brand dispensing. Patients who have been doing well on brand Crestor should not expect outcomes to change when switching to generic. For patients beginning statin therapy or considering a switch from brand to generic, learning more about generic crestor rosuvastatin reliability helps set confident expectations before making the change at the pharmacy. The cost savings from choosing generic rosuvastatin over brand Crestor are substantial. Over a year of therapy, switching from brand to generic can reduce out-of-pocket costs by hundreds of dollars for patients without comprehensive insurance coverage. For comprehensive context on how statins work, why generics are trusted by prescribers, and how cholesterol treatment fits into long-term cardiovascular care, reviewing cholesterol management and statin treatment guidance provides well-rounded background for patients committed to managing their lipid health effectively.

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